Xanadu PennyLane

Das bevorzugte Framework für Quanten-Machine-Learning. Differenzierbare Quantenprogrammierung mit Unterstützung für JAX-, PyTorch- und TensorFlow-Backends.

Open SourceQMLDifferenzierbarPython

Was ist PennyLane?

PennyLane ist das quelloffene Quanten-ML-Framework von Xanadu. Es behandelt Quantenschaltkreise als differenzierbare Funktionen und ermöglicht so eine gradientenbasierte Optimierung direkt über Quantenberechnungen hinweg. Sie können Gradienten von Quantenschaltkreisen mithilfe von Parameter-Shift-Regeln, adjungierter Differenzierung oder Backpropagation berechnen und sie in PyTorch- oder JAX-Trainingsschleifen einbinden. All dies ist kostenlos und lokal.

PennyLane is the go-to SDK for variational circuits and VQE, the most practical class of hybrid algorithms on today's hardware.

Installation

terminal

# Core with default.qubit (pure NumPy, always free)
pip install pennylane

# Fast C++ simulator (10-100x speedup)
pip install pennylane-lightning

# GPU simulator (requires NVIDIA GPU)
pip install pennylane-lightning-gpu

# For JAX or PyTorch integration
pip install pennylane jax jaxlib   # JAX
pip install pennylane torch         # PyTorch

Erster Quantenschaltkreis

pennylane_basic.py

import pennylane as qml
import numpy as np

# Choose your device (all free, local)
dev = qml.device("default.qubit", wires=2)
# dev = qml.device("lightning.qubit", wires=2)  # Faster C++ version

@qml.qnode(dev)
def bell_state():
    qml.Hadamard(wires=0)
    qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1])
    return qml.probs(wires=[0, 1])

result = bell_state()
print(result)  # [0.5, 0. , 0. , 0.5]

# Draw the circuit
print(qml.draw(bell_state)())
# 0: ──H─╭●──┤ ╭Probs
# 1: ────╰X──┤ ╰Probs

Quanten-Machine-Learning — Variationeller Klassifikator

qml_classifier.py

import pennylane as qml
import numpy as np

dev = qml.device("default.qubit", wires=2)

@qml.qnode(dev)
def variational_circuit(params, x):
    # Encode input data
    qml.AngleEmbedding(x, wires=[0, 1])
    # Variational ansatz
    qml.BasicEntanglerLayers(params, wires=[0, 1])
    return qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(0))

# Initialize random parameters
params = np.random.uniform(0, np.pi, size=(3, 2))

# Compute gradient with parameter-shift rule (exact!)
grad_fn = qml.grad(variational_circuit)
x_sample = np.array([0.1, 0.2])
gradients = grad_fn(params, x_sample)

print(f"Parameters shape: {params.shape}")
print(f"Gradient shape: {gradients.shape}")

# Training loop
optimizer = qml.AdamOptimizer(stepsize=0.01)
for step in range(100):
    params, cost = optimizer.step_and_cost(
        lambda p: variational_circuit(p, x_sample), params
    )
    if step % 20 == 0:
        print(f"Step {step}: cost = {cost:.4f}")

JAX-Backend für mehr Geschwindigkeit nutzen

pennylane_jax.py

import pennylane as qml
import jax
import jax.numpy as jnp

dev = qml.device("default.qubit", wires=4)

@qml.qnode(dev, interface="jax")
def circuit(params):
    for i in range(4):
        qml.RY(params[i], wires=i)
    for i in range(3):
        qml.CNOT(wires=[i, i+1])
    return qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(0) @ qml.PauliZ(3))

# JIT compile the circuit for massive speedup
jit_circuit = jax.jit(circuit)

# Automatic differentiation with JAX
grad_circuit = jax.grad(jit_circuit)

params = jnp.array([0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4])
print(jit_circuit(params))        # Fast JIT-compiled execution
print(grad_circuit(params))       # Automatic gradient

Verbindung zu anderen Backends herstellen

pennylane_backends.py

import pennylane as qml

# Local simulators (all free)
qml.device("default.qubit",   wires=4)  # NumPy
qml.device("lightning.qubit", wires=4)  # C++ (fast)
qml.device("lightning.gpu",   wires=4)  # NVIDIA GPU

# IBM Quantum (free tier — needs account)
# pip install pennylane-qiskit
qml.device("qiskit.ibmq", wires=4, backend="ibm_sherbrooke")

# Amazon Braket
# pip install amazon-braket-pennylane-plugin
qml.device("braket.local.qubit", wires=4)    # Free local
qml.device("braket.aws.qubit",   wires=4,
    device_arn="arn:aws:braket:::device/quantum-simulator/amazon/sv1")

Keep exploring

SDKs vergleichen Qiskit Amazon Braket Simulatoren Building a VQE with PennyLane Quantum machine learning: a reality check Cut your shot count by 80%Anwendungsfälle

💡

Also available via HLQuantum

Want to run the same circuit on multiple backends without rewriting your code? HLQuantum abstracts this SDK (and 5 others) behind a single unified API.

python

import hlquantum as hlq

qc = hlq.Circuit(2)
qc.h(0).cx(0, 1).measure_all()

# One line to switch between any backend
result = hlq.run(qc, shots=1024)              # auto-detect
result = hlq.run(qc, shots=1024, backend="pennylane")  # explicit

View HLQuantum Guide